As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 9, 2023.

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

RALLYBIO CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)

234 Church Street, Suite 1020

New Haven, CT 06510

(203) 859-3820

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Martin W. Mackay, Ph.D.

Chief Executive Officer

Rallybio Corporation

234 Church Street, Suite 1020

New Haven, CT 06510

(203) 859-3820

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:

From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.  ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.  ☒

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The selling stockholders may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

Subject to completion, dated May 9, 2023

Rallybio Corporation

12,351,600 Shares of Common Stock

This prospectus relates to the disposition from time to time, in one or more offerings, of up to 12,351,600 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, by the selling stockholders, including their transferees, pledgees, donees or successors. We are registering the resale of the shares of our common stock to satisfy certain of our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2021, to which we and the selling stockholders are parties (the “Registration Rights Agreement”).

The selling stockholders may, from time to time, sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose of any or all of their securities on any stock exchange, market, or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. These dispositions may be at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale, at prices related to the prevailing market price, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. See “Plan of Distribution” which begins on page 17.

We are not offering any shares of our common stock for sale under this prospectus. All expenses of registration incurred in connection with this offering are being borne by us. All selling and other expenses incurred by the selling stockholders will be borne by the selling stockholders.

General Information

Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “RLYB.” On May 8, 2023, the closing price of our common stock was $6.00 per share.

Investing in our securities involves certain risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8 of this prospectus for a discussion of the factors you should carefully consider before deciding to purchase our securities.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities, or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is    , 2023.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a shelf registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Under the shelf registration statement, the selling stockholders may, from time to time, sell any of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. You should read carefully this prospectus, together with the additional information incorporated by reference in this prospectus described below under “Where You Can Find More Information” beginning on page 19 of this prospectus before making an investment in our securities.

We have not authorized anyone to give you any additional information different from that contained in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus provided in connection with an offering. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you.

You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement, the documents incorporated by reference and any related free writing prospectus is accurate only as of their respective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

This prospectus is not an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy our securities in any circumstances under which or jurisdiction in which the offer or solicitation is unlawful. Unless the context otherwise indicates, the terms “Rallybio,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” as used in this prospectus refer to Rallybio Corporation and its subsidiaries. The phrase “this prospectus” refers to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, unless the context otherwise requires.

TRADEMARKS

We use Rallybio as a trademark in the United States and/or in other countries. This prospectus and documents incorporated by reference herein and therein contain references to our trademark and to those belonging to other entities, including Affibody^®. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus and documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, including logos, artwork and other visual displays, may appear without the ^® or TM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate in any way that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the rights of the applicable licensor to these trademarks and trade names. We do not intend our use or display of other entities’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other entity.

MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus, and documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate, including our general expectations, market position and market opportunity, is based on our management’s estimates and research, as well as industry and general publications and research and studies conducted by third parties. We believe that the information from these third-party publications, research and studies included in this prospectus, and documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, is reliable. Management’s estimates are derived from publicly available information, their knowledge of our industry and their assumptions based on such information and knowledge, which we believe to be reasonable. This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations which are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause our future performance to differ materially from our assumptions and estimates.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and any information incorporated by reference into this prospectus may contain forward-looking statements that are based on management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information then currently available to management. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and any information incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning:

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The forward-looking statements in this prospectus and any information incorporated by reference into this prospectus are only predictions and are based largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements included in this prospectus speak only as of the date of this prospectus and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the risk factors and cautionary statements described in other documents that we file from time to time with the SEC, specifically under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as guarantees of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risks and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward- looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended and revised or supplemented by any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, each of which is on file with the SEC and incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If any of the events or developments described therein were to occur, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could suffer materially, the trading price of our common stock or other securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial may also adversely affect our business.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

The selling stockholders will receive all of the net proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock under this prospectus. We are not selling any shares of common stock under this prospectus and we will not receive any proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock by the selling stockholders. We will, however, bear certain costs associated with the registration of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders.

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SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

Pursuant to the rights of the selling stockholders under the Registration Rights Agreement, we have prepared this prospectus to allow the selling stockholders or their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest, to sell or otherwise dispose of, from time to time, up to an aggregate amount of 12,351,600 shares of common stock.

The table below presents information regarding the selling stockholders, the shares of common stock beneficially owned by them as of May 4, 2023, the shares of common stock that they may sell or otherwise dispose of from time to time under this prospectus and the number and percentage of our common stock each of the selling stockholders will own assuming all of the shares covered by this prospectus are sold by the selling stockholders.

The information in the table is based on 37,747,433 shares outstanding as of May 4, 2023 and was prepared based on information supplied to us by the selling stockholders. As used in this prospectus, the term “selling stockholders” includes the selling stockholders set forth below and any donees, pledgees, transferees or other successors-in-interest selling shares received after the date of this prospectus from the selling stockholders as a gift, pledge, or other non-sale related transfer. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d) promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and includes shares of common stock with respect to which the selling stockholders have voting and investment power. Shares of common stock subject to options, restricted stock units or other rights to purchase which are now exercisable or are exercisable within 60 days after May 4, 2023 are considered outstanding for purposes of computing the beneficial ownership and percentage ownership of the persons holding these options or other rights but not considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The shares underlying the pre-funded warrants issued by the Company in November 2022, which are exercisable for 3,333,388 shares of common stock, are not considered outstanding for the purpose of computing the beneficial ownership or percentage ownership of any person.

The number of shares in the column “Common Stock That May Be Offered Pursuant to This Prospectus” represents all of the shares of common stock that the selling stockholders may offer under this prospectus. The column “Beneficial Ownership of Common Stock After the Offering” assumes the sale of all the shares offered by the selling stockholders pursuant to this prospectus and that the selling stockholders do not acquire any additional shares of common stock before the completion of this offering. However, because the selling stockholders may sell all or some of their shares under this prospectus from time to time, or in another permitted manner, we cannot assure you as to the actual number of shares that will be sold by the selling stockholders or that will be held by the selling stockholders after completion of any sales. The selling stockholders may sell some, all or none of their shares in this offering. We do not know how long the selling stockholders will hold the shares before selling them. Other than as described in the Registration Rights Agreement we currently have no agreements, arrangements or understandings with the selling stockholders regarding the sale of any of the shares.

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Material Relationships

We previously operated as Rallybio Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Holdings”). Each of the selling stockholders was a party to the operating agreement of Holdings (the “Operating Agreement”) In connection with our initial public offering, we completed a reorganization (the “Reorganization”) such that we now operate as Rallybio Corporation. Holdings was liquidated (the “Liquidation”) and the Operating Agreement was terminated prior to the consummation of our initial public offering.

In May 2020, Holdings completed the sale of Series B Preferred Units (the “Units”) to certain investors. Viking Global Opportunities Illiquid Investments Sub-Master LP purchased 21,578,387 Units for an aggregate purchase price of $30,000,000. The Rise Fund Rascal L.P. purchased 14,385,591 Units for an aggregate purchase price of $19,999,999. In connection with the Liquidation, holders of the Units received shares of our common stock.

Following the Reorganization and prior to the consummation of our initial public offering, we entered into the Registration Rights Agreement with certain investors, including the selling stockholders, for the resale of shares of our common stock owned by such investors from time to time. Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, we are registering the resale of 12,351,600 shares of our common stock under the registration statement on Form S-3 of which this prospectus is a part.

Certain of our directors are affiliated with certain of the selling stockholders. Dr. Parmar is a Managing Member of 5AM Opportunities I (GP), LLC and 5AM Partners V, LLC, the general partners of 5AM Opportunities I, L.P. (“Opportunities I”) and 5AM Ventures V, L.P, respectively. Mr. Hunt is a Managing Director at New Leaf Venture Partners, an affiliate of New Leaf Ventures III, L.P., and is a Managing Member of New Leaf Venture Management III, L.L.C., the general partner of New Leaf Venture Associates III, L.P., which is the general partner of New Leaf Ventures III, L.P. Mr. Hopfner is a Managing Partner at Pivotal bioVenture Partners LLC, an affiliate of Pivotal bioVenture Partners Fund I L.P. Lucian Iancovici, M.D., is a Managing Director at TPG Growth, an entity affiliated with The Rise Fund Rascal, L.P.

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DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK

The following description of our common stock and certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws is a summary and is qualified by reference to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws, copies of which are included as exhibits to the registration statement on Form S-3 of which this prospectus is a part. Please refer to “Where You Can Find More Information” below for directions on obtaining these documents.

General

Under the terms of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is authorized to issue up to 200,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As of May 4, 2023, we had 37,747,433 shares of common stock outstanding.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders and do not have cumulative voting rights. An election of directors by our stockholders shall be determined, in an uncontested election, by a majority of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the election and, in a contested election, by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote on the election. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive proportionately any dividends as may be declared by our board of directors, subject to any preferential dividend rights of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

In the event of our liquidation or dissolution, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive an amount of our net assets available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. Our outstanding shares of common stock are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to and may be adversely affected by the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock that we may designate and issue in the future.

Anti-takeover Effects of Our Certificate of Incorporation and Our Bylaws

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain certain provisions that are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our board of directors, but which may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a future takeover or change in control of us unless such takeover or change in control is approved by our board of directors.

These provisions include:

Classified board. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors, with the classes as nearly equal in number as possible. As a result, approximately one-third of our board of directors will be elected each year. The classification of directors will have the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our board of directors. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that, subject to any rights of holders of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors will be fixed exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by our board of directors.

Action by written consent; special meetings of stockholders. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that stockholder action can be taken only at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and cannot be taken by written consent in lieu of a meeting. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws also provide that, except as otherwise required by law, special meetings of the stockholders can only be called pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of our board of directors. Except as described above, stockholders will not be permitted to call a special meeting or to require our board of directors to call a special meeting.

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Removal of directors. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that our directors may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of capital stock, voting together as a single class. This requirement of a supermajority vote to remove directors could enable a minority of our stockholders to prevent a change in the composition of our board of directors.

Advance notice procedures. Our amended and restated bylaws establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting will only be able to consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of our board of directors or by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has given our Secretary timely written notice, in proper form, of the stockholder’s intention to bring that business before the meeting.

Although our amended and restated bylaws do not give our board of directors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of candidates or proposals regarding other business to be conducted at a special or annual meeting, our amended and restated bylaws may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

Supermajority approval requirements. The Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) generally provides that the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote on any matter is required to amend a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, unless either a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws requires a greater percentage. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws provide that the affirmative vote of holders of at least 75% of the total votes eligible to be cast in the election of directors will be required to amend, alter, change or repeal specified provisions. This requirement of a supermajority vote to approve amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws could enable a minority of our stockholders to exercise veto power over any such amendments.

Authorized but unissued shares. Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for future issuance without stockholder approval. These additional shares may be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future public offerings to raise additional capital, corporate acquisitions and employee benefit plans. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock could render more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of a majority of our common stock by means of a proxy contest, tender offer, merger or otherwise.

Exclusive forum. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, subject to limited exceptions, the state or federal courts within the State of Delaware will be exclusive forums for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers or other employees to us or our stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws, (4) any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws or (5) any other action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine; provided that, the exclusive forum provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Exchange Act, or to any claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the U.S. federal district courts shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any claims arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Although we believe these provisions benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware and certain federal securities law, these provisions may have the effect of discouraging lawsuits against our directors and officers.

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Section 203 of the DGCL

We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A “business combination” includes, among other things, a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock.

Under Section 203, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions: before the stockholder became interested, the corporation’s board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances; or at or after the time the stockholder became interested, the business combination was approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

A Delaware corporation may “opt out” of these provisions with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its certificate of incorporation or bylaws resulting from a stockholders’ amendment approved by at least a majority of the outstanding voting shares. We have not opted out of these provisions. As a result, mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts of us may be discouraged or prevented.

Registration Rights

The Registration Rights Agreement grants the parties thereto, including the selling stockholders, certain registration rights in respect of the “registrable securities” held by them, which securities include (i) the shares of our common stock held by such stockholders following the Reorganization and prior to the consummation of our initial public offering and (ii) any common stock issued as (or issuable upon the conversion or exercise of any warrant, right, or other security that is issued as) a dividend or other distribution with respect to, or in exchange for or in replacement of, the shares referenced in clause (i) above. The registration of shares of our common stock pursuant to the exercise of these registration rights would enable the holders thereof to sell such shares without restriction under the Securities Act when the applicable registration statement is declared effective. Under the Registration Rights Agreement, we will pay all expenses relating to such registrations, including the fees of one counsel for the participating holders, and the holders will pay all underwriting discounts and commissions relating to the sale of their shares. The Registration Rights Agreement also includes customary indemnification and procedural terms.

Pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement, we are registering the resale of 12,351,600 shares of our common stock under the registration statement on Form S-3 of which this prospectus is a part. As to any particular registrable securities, such securities shall cease to be registrable securities when (x) a registration statement with respect to the sale of such securities shall have become effective under the Securities Act and such securities shall have been disposed of in accordance with such registration statement, (y) such securities have been transferred pursuant to Rule 144, promulgated under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”), or (z) such securities shall have ceased to be outstanding.

Demand Registration Rights

Holders of at least 30% of the registrable securities then outstanding may request that we file a registration statement on Form S-1 with respect to at least 20% of the registrable securities then outstanding, if the aggregate offering price of the registrable securities requested to be registered would exceed $20 million.

Holders of not less than 25% of the registrable shares then outstanding may request that we file a registration statement on Form S-3 with respect to such holders’ registrable securities then outstanding, if the aggregate offering price of the registrable securities requested to be registered would exceed $3 million.

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Piggyback Registration Rights

In the event that we propose to register any of our securities under the Securities Act, either for our own account or for the account of other security holders, the stockholders party to the Registration Rights Agreement will be entitled to certain “piggyback” registration rights allowing them to include their registrable securities in such registration, subject to certain marketing and other limitations. As a result, whenever we propose to file a registration statement under the Securities Act other than with respect to a demand registration or a registration statement on Form S-4 or S-8, these holders will be entitled to notice of the registration and will have the right to include their registrable securities in the registration subject to certain limitations.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The selling stockholders, including their pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest, may from time to time offer some or all of the shares of common stock covered by this prospectus. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares of our common stock held by any of the selling stockholders. We will bear all fees and expenses incident to our obligation to register the shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus.

The selling stockholders may sell all or a portion of the shares of common stock beneficially owned by them and offered hereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. If the shares of common stock are sold through underwriters or broker-dealers, the selling stockholders will be responsible for underwriting discounts or commissions or agent’s commissions. The shares of common stock may be sold on any national securities exchange, market, trading facility or quotation service on which the securities may be listed or quoted at the time of sale, in the over-the-counter market or in transactions other than on these exchanges or systems or in the over-the-counter market and in one or more transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of the sale, at varying prices determined at the time of sale, or at privately negotiated prices. These sales may be effected in transactions, which may involve crosses or block transactions.

The selling stockholders may use any one or more of the following methods when disposing of shares or interests therein:

The selling stockholders may, from time to time, pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the shares of common stock owned by them and, if they default in the performance of their secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the shares of common stock, from time to time, under this prospectus, or under an amendment to this prospectus under Rule 424(b)(3) or other applicable provision of the Securities Act amending the list of the selling stockholder(s) to include the pledgee, transferee, or other successors in interest as selling stockholders under this prospectus. The selling stockholders also may transfer the shares of common stock in other circumstances, in which case the transferees, pledgees or other successors in interest will be the selling beneficial owners for purposes of this prospectus.

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Subject to the Company’s insider trading policy, in connection with the sale of shares of our common stock or interests therein, the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the common stock in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling stockholders may also sell shares of our common stock short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the common stock to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The selling stockholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or the creation of one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares offered by this prospectus, which shares such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

Broker-dealers engaged by a selling stockholder may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate in sales. If a selling stockholder effects certain transactions by selling shares of common stock to or through underwriters, broker-dealers or agents, such underwriters, broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling stockholder or commissions from purchasers of the shares of common stock for whom they may act as agent or to whom they may sell as principal. Such commissions will be in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the case of an agency transaction may be in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with applicable rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”); and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with applicable FINRA rules.

The aggregate proceeds to a selling stockholder from the sale of the common stock offered by it will be the purchase price of the common stock less discounts or commissions, if any. Each selling stockholder reserves the right to accept and, together with its agents from time to time, to reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of common stock to be made directly or through agents. We will not receive any of the proceeds from this offering.

The selling stockholders also may resell all or a portion of the shares in open market transactions in reliance upon Rule 144, provided that they meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of that rule.

Each selling stockholder and any underwriters, broker-dealers or agents that participate in the sale of the common stock or interests therein may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act. Any discounts, commissions, concessions or profit they earn on any resale of the shares may be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. The selling stockholders are subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act.

To the extent required pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, the shares of our common stock to be sold, the name of each selling stockholder, the purchase price and public offering price, the names of any agents, dealer or underwriter, and any applicable commissions or discounts with respect to a particular offer will be set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement or, if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement that includes this prospectus.

In order to comply with the securities laws of some states, if applicable, the common stock may be sold in these jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the common stock may not be sold unless it has been registered or qualified for sale or an exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is complied with.

Each selling stockholder and any other person participating in a sale of the common stock registered under this prospectus will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder, including, without limitation, to the extent applicable, Regulation M of the Exchange Act, which may limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares of common stock by the selling stockholders and any other participating person. All of the foregoing may affect the marketability of the shares of common stock and the ability of any person or entity to engage in market-making activities with respect to the shares of common stock. In addition, we will make copies of this prospectus (as it may be supplemented or amended from time to time) available to the selling stockholders for the purpose of satisfying the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act. The selling stockholders may indemnify any broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving the sale of the shares against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of any securities offered from time to time by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Ropes & Gray LLP, Boston, Massachusetts.

EXPERTS

The financial statements of Rallybio Corporation incorporated by reference in this prospectus, have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report. Such financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of such firm, given their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC for the securities offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not include all of the information contained in the registration statement. You should refer to the registration statement and its exhibits for additional information.

We are required to file annual and quarterly reports, current reports, proxy statements, and other information with the SEC. We make these documents publicly available, free of charge, on our website at www.rallybio.com as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such documents with the SEC. The information contained on our website is not part of this prospectus. You can read our SEC filings, including the registration statement, on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” certain information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information about us by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and information in documents that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede information in this prospectus. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below and any future filings, including all filings made after the date of the filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is part and prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement, made by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, except for information “furnished” under Items 2.02, 7.01 or 9.01 on Form 8-K or other information “furnished” to the SEC which is not deemed filed and not incorporated in this prospectus, in each case, until the offering described under the registration statement is terminated or completed:

Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus or the prospectus supplement will be deemed modified, superseded or replaced for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus modifies, supersedes or replaces such statement.

Upon request, either orally or in writing, we will provide, without charge, to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, a copy of the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus but not delivered with the prospectus. You may request a copy of these filings and any exhibits we have specifically incorporated by reference as an exhibit in this prospectus, at no cost, by writing to us at the following address: Rallybio Corporation, 234 Church Street, Suite 1020, New Haven CT, 06510, United States, Attention: Investor Relations, or via telephone at (203) 859-3820.

Copies of these filings are also available, without charge, on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on our website at investors.rallybio.com/financial-information/sec-filings as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with the SEC. The information contained on our website is not part of this prospectus

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Rallybio Corporation

PROSPECTUS

12,351,600 Shares of Common Stock

                , 2023

PART II

Information Not Required in Prospectus

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

The following table sets forth the various expenses to be incurred in connection with the issuance and distribution of the offered securities, other than underwriting discounts and commissions. All amounts are estimated except for the SEC registration fee.

Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

As permitted by Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation includes a provision to eliminate the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provide that we are required to indemnify our officers and directors under certain circumstances, including those circumstances in which indemnification would otherwise be discretionary, and we are required to advance expenses to our officers and directors as incurred in connection with proceedings against them for which they may be indemnified, in each case except to the extent that the DGCL prohibits the elimination or limitation of liability of directors for breaches of fiduciary duty.

Section 145(a) of the DGCL provides that a corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

Section 145(b) of the DGCL provides that a corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery (the “Court of Chancery”) or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

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We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain of our officers. These indemnification agreements provide broader indemnity rights than those provided under the DGCL and our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. These indemnification agreements are not intended to deny or otherwise limit third-party or derivative suits against us or our directors or officers, but to the extent a director or officer were entitled to indemnity or contribution under the indemnification agreement, the financial burden of a third-party suit would be borne by us, and we would not benefit from derivative recoveries against the director or officer. Such recoveries would accrue to our benefit but would be offset by our obligations to the director or officer under the indemnification agreement.

We maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance for the benefit of our directors and officers.

Item 16. Exhibits.

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this registration statement.

Item 17. Undertakings.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

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provided, however, that the undertakings set forth in paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is a part of the registration statement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New Haven, Connecticut, on May 9, 2023.

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Martin W. Mackay, Ph.D., Jonathan I. Lieber and Michael Greco, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement on Form S-3, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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Exhibit 5.1

		ROPES & GRAY LLP PRUDENTIAL TOWER 800 BOYLSTON STREET BOSTON, MA 02199-3600 WWW.ROPESGRAY.COM

May 9, 2023

Rallybio Corporation

234 Church Street, Suite 1020

New Haven, CT 06510

Re: Registration of Securities by Rallybio Corporation

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Rallybio Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the registration statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) filed on the date hereof by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relating to the registration under the Securities Act and the proposed offer and sale from time to time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, by certain stockholders of the Company identified in the Registration Statement, of up to 12,351,600 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”).

In connection with this opinion letter, we have examined such certificates, documents and records and have made such investigation of fact and such examination of law as we have deemed appropriate in order to enable us to render the opinions set forth herein. In conducting such investigation, we have relied, without independent verification, upon certificates of officers of the Company, public officials and other appropriate persons.

The opinions expressed below are limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law.

Based upon and subject to the foregoing and the assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth below, we are of the opinion that the shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.

In rendering the opinions set forth above, we have assumed that (i) the Registration Statement will have become effective under the Securities Act,, and no stop order suspending the Registration Statement’s effectiveness will have been issued and remain in effect each time the Common Stock is offered and sold as contemplated by the Registration Statement, and (ii) all Common Stock will be offered and sold in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and the applicable prospectus supplement.

Rallybio Corporation

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name therein and in the related prospectus under the caption “Legal Matters.” In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our report dated March 6, 2023, relating to the financial statements of Rallybio Corporation, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Rallybio Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2022. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Hartford, Connecticut

May 9, 2023

Exhibit 107

Calculation of Filing Fee Tables

Form S-3

(Form Type)

Rallybio Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Table 1: Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities